Combinations (LCC), Developed by Petrik V.I. Prefix 'nano' means dimension 10-9 meter. Carbon nanolayer is a layer which thickness equals to 10-9 meter. Such atomic carbon layer is called graphene. The structure of graphite is similar to the structure of a book where the pages are graphenes. Carbon atoms in graphenes are settled down in the form of hexagons, that is why it is said that graphenes have hexagonal structure.


Structure of Graphite

The structure of graphite is similar to the structure of a book where the pages are graphenes. Carbon atoms in graphenes are settled down in the form of hexagons, that is why it is said that graphenes have hexagonal structure. Bonds between graphenes are weak (when we write with a pencil we break these bonds), they are called van-der-vaals’s bonds. Bonds between atoms in hexagonal are strong. Physicists did not believe for a long time, that Petrik V.I. could break off inter atomic bonds (they are also called covalent), because it was considered that they could be only be broken off in the epicenter of nuclear explosion. Petrik V.I. synthesized chemical compounds capable of explosive decomposition. By simple pouring on to the graphite, this compound is capable of penetrating into interlayer graphite spaces (LCC). It can stay in this condition indefinitely and does not show itself. It is enough to blow up some critical quantity of molecules of this compound and the real chain reaction will start. It is possible to start this reaction of autocatalytic decay of compound by, for example, mechanical influence (i.e. by simple stroke), chemical influence, heating to 150 – 200 ºC, or even by a directed powerful sound. One atomic carbon layer (graphene) is separated from the general graphite mass (LCC) with every explosion of included molecule. It seems unbelievable when as a result of an uncontrolled cold chain reaction, radical destruction of LCC occurs, and its volume increases by 500 times.

Process of Obtaining of HRCM and LCC by the Way of Uncontrolled Cold Chain Reaction

Graphite   Mezhatomarny explosion   USVR-filling filter

A piece of graphite turns out into the finest black powder containing up to 20% of nanostructures. Nanostructures contained in HRCM are not only graphenes, but also nanotubes, branched nanotubes, nanorings, nanofractals.

Let us imagine that we are torn from the book page and left it in a dry place. After some time the drying page will be curtailed in the most energetically convenient form - the form of a tube. Exactly the same thing happens with graphene is separated from the total graphite structure - it is turned into the nanotube.

Explosions of molecules of chemical connections break off not only van-der-vaals’s connections between graphenes (as a result, graphite “fluffs up” and expands by 500 times), but they also partially break off covalent connections between carbon atoms in graphenes, which results in the formation of lots and lots of free radicals – nonsaturated atomic connections within the HRCM mass.

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